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BACKGROUND: A high-fat and high-sugar diet to induce a diabetic osteoporosis model is time-consuming, with high cost and poor model stability. Induction by streptozotocin is one of the most common methods to establish an animal model of postmenopausal osteoporosis. At present, there are few reports on the identification of this disease model. OBJECTIVE: To establish a rat model of type 2 diabetic osteoporosis rat models, and to identify the animal model established. METHODS: Thirty-two male 7-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats were selected and randomly divided into a normal control group (n=16) and a model group (n=16) according to their body mass using a random number table method. The model group was fed with high-fat and high-sugar diet for 4 weeks, and a small dose of streptozotocin was intraperitoneally injected at 35 mg/kg to induce a type 2 diabetic osteoporosis model; the normal control group was fed with normal maintenance feed for 4 weeks, and an equal dose of 10 mL/kg citric acid-sodium citrate buffer was intraperitoneally injected. Two groups of rats were studied from the aspects of morphology, histology and imaging. An approval was obtained from the Animal Experimental Ethics Committee of Southwest Medical University. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: There were 16 rats in the model group, 12 rats were modeled, and the modeling rate was 75%. Compared with the normal control group, in the model group, the body mass of rats showed a gradual downward trend and a slightly upward trend after the injection of streptozotocin. These rats presented symptoms of diabetes, such as polydipsia, polyuria and polyphagia. Fasting blood glucose level increased significantly (P < 0.05), and showed a continuous state. The histological section showed that the trabecular bone was sparsely distributed. Imaging results showed that the bone volume fraction and the number of trabeculae in rats were significantly reduced, and the separation of trabecular bone was significantly increased, indicating a significant osteoporosis. To conclude, the 7-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats which are fed with high-sugar and high-fat diet for 4 weeks can be given low-dose streptozotocin (35 mg/kg) to successfully establish the animal model of type 2 diabetic osteoporosis. From the aspects of morphology, histology, imaging, the successful establishment of diabetic osteoporosis model can be determined.
ABSTRACT
Human Nestin (hNestin) has been found to express in melanoma,and its expression is positively correlated with the advanced stage of melanoma.However,the precise role of hNestin in the development of melanoma has not been fully understood.The present study aimed to explore the role of hNestin in the proliferation and invasion of melanoma cells.The lentivirus vector carrying a short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) targeting hNestin (hNestin-shRNA-LV) was stably infected into human melanoma cells UACC903,which expressed high levels of hNestin.The effects of hNestin knockdown on the proliferation,apoptosis,migration of melanoma cells and the related signaling pathways were investigated by immunofluorence,Western blotting and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR),respectively.The results showed that hNestin was expressed in most melanoma specimens and the melanoma cells studied.Knockdown of hNestin expression significantly inhibited the proliferation of melanoma cells,blocked the formation of cell colony,arrested cell cycle at G1/S stage and suppressed the activation of Akt and GSK3β.hNestin-silent cells also showed a sheet-like appearance with tight cell-cell adhesion,decreased membrane expression of N-cadherin and β-catenin,and attenuated migration.Furthermore,hNestin silence resulted in the inhibition of tumor growth in vivo.Our study indicates that hNestin knockdown suppresses the proliferation of melanoma cells,which might be through affecting Akt-GSK3β-Rb pathway-mediated G1/S arrest,and hNestin silence inhibits the migration by selectively modulating the expression of cell adhesion molecules in the process of epithelial-mesenchymal transition.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>By studying the process of reverse osmosis system for traditional Chinese medicine materials physicochemical parameters affecting the osmotic pressure of its relevance, new compound system reverse osmosis process design methods were explored.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Three concentrations materials for high, middle and low were dubbed with Sini decoction as a model drug, and pretreated by 50 thousand relative molecular weight cut-off ultrafiltration membrane. The viscosity, turbidity, conductivity, salinity, TDS, pH value and osmotic pressure of each sample were determined after the reverse osmosis to study the physical and chemical parameters between their respective correlations with the osmotic pressure, and characterized by HPLC chromatograms showing changes before and after the main chemical composition of samples of reverse osmosis.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Conductivity-osmotic pressure, salinity-osmotic pressure of the linear correlation coefficient, TDS-osmotic pressure between the three sets of parameters were 0.963 8, 0.932 7, 0.973 7, respectively. Reverse osmosis concentrate and its characteristic spectrum ultrafiltrate HPLC similarity were up to 0. 968 or more, except the low concentrations.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>There is a significant correlation between the three physicochemical parameters (conductivity, salinity, TDS) and osmotic pressure of each sample system, and there is also significant linear correlation between salinity, conductivity, TDS. The original chemical composition of Sini decoction material concentrate was completely remained after the process of reverse osmosis.</p>
Subject(s)
Chemical Phenomena , Chemistry, Pharmaceutical , Methods , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Chemistry , Molecular Weight , Osmotic Pressure , Surface Properties , ViscosityABSTRACT
The paper described the main function modules, system architecture, key technology and reservation business process of the appointment register platform system; security measure of the reservation platform system, as evidenced by the access of third-party payment interface, multi-tier data service, digital safety network among others which are designed to ensure the security and operability of the system.
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Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the relationship between stress score and body mass index (BMI) of students of Science in Kuala Lumpur. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out among 126 students. Data about stress score were collected using a questionnaire, the Student-Life Stress Inventory (SLSI) Data about BMI were calculated from height and weight of the respondents. Results: A total of 117 (92.85%) out of 126 students had responded. The mean difference of stress score among first, second and third year students were 87.6 ± 17.0, 83.4 ± 16.9 and 86.7 ± 15.4 respectively. The mean difference of stress scores between the Bumiputra and non-Bumiputra students were 87.9 ± 16.5 and 83.2 ± 15.9 .The mean of body mass Index(BMI) between first, second and third year students were 21.0 ± 3.5, 20.3 ± 2.7 and 21.8 ± 4.3 respectively. Conclusions: This study showed that the stress level is higher in first year, female and bumiputra student. There was no significant relationship between stress score and BMI.